All metazoans that utilize molecular oxygen (O2) for metabolic purposes have the capacity to
adapt to hypoxia, the condition that arises when O2 demand exceeds supply. This is …

Posttranslational modifications can cause profound changes in protein function. Typically,
these modifications are reversible, and thus provide a biochemical on-off switch. In contrast …

Fluorinated analogues of the canonical α-L-amino acids have gained widespread attention
as building blocks that may endow peptides and proteins with advantageous biophysical …

Metastasis is the leading cause of death among patients with breast cancer. Understanding
the role of the extracellular matrix in the metastatic process may lead to the development of …

Pioneering work in the 1960s defined prolyl and lysyl hydroxylations as physiologically
important oxygenase-catalyzed modifications in collagen biosynthesis; subsequent studies …

The oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of proline residues in the α subunit of hypoxia-
inducible transcription factor (HIFα) is central to the hypoxic response in animals. Prolyl …

Posttranslational modifications, typically small chemical tags attached on amino acids
following protein biosynthesis, have a profound effect on protein structure and function …

Recessive mutations in the cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP), leucine proline-enriched
proteoglycan 1 (LEPRE1) and peptidyl prolyl cis–trans isomerase B (PPIB) genes result in …

Collagen is the dominant protein of the extracellular matrix. Its distinguishing feature is a
three-stranded helix of great tensile strength.(2 S, 4 R)-4-Hydroxyproline residues are …

Proline is unique among proteinogenic amino acids because a pyrrolidine ring links its
amino group to its side chain. This heterocycle constrains the conformations of the main …