Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of
thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across …

The ability to simultaneously image the spatiotemporal activity signatures from many
neurons during unrestrained vertebrate behaviors has become possible through the …

We developed a flexible two-photon microendoscope (2P-FENDO) capable of all-optical
brain investigation at near cellular resolution in freely moving mice. The system performs fast …

Miniaturized fluorescence microscopes (miniscopes) have been instrumental to monitor
neural signals during unrestrained behavior and their open-source versions have made …

Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is postulated to exert" top-down control" on information processing
throughout the brain to promote specific behaviors. However, pathways mediating top-down …

Deficits in social interaction (SI) are a core symptom of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs);
however, treatments for social deficits are notably lacking. Elucidating brain circuits and …

Single-cell transcriptomics has been widely applied to classify neurons in the mammalian
brain, while systems neuroscience has historically analyzed the encoding properties of …

Optogenetics is a technique employing natural or genetically engineered photoreceptors in
transgene organisms to manipulate biological activities with light. Light can be turned on or …

Genetically-encoded biosensors based on a single fluorescent protein are widely used to
visualize analyte levels or enzymatic activities in cells, though usually to monitor relative …

Optogenetics and calcium imaging can be combined to simultaneously stimulate and record
neural activity in vivo. However, this usually requires two-photon microscopes, which are not …