The ocean holds vast quantities of carbon that it continually exchanges with the atmosphere
through the air-sea interface. Because of its enormous size and relatively rapid exchange of …

Naturally produced halogenated compounds are ubiquitous across all domains of life where
they perform a multitude of biological functions and adopt a diversity of chemical structures …

Climate and physiology shape biogeography, yet the range limits of species can rarely be
ascribed to the quantitative traits of organisms,–. Here we evaluate whether the …

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all life on Earth and it acts as a major control on
biological productivity in the modern ocean. Accurate reconstructions of the evolution of life …

Ocean-based carbon dioxide (CO 2) removal (CDR) strategies are an important part of the
portfolio of approaches needed to achieve negative greenhouse gas emissions. Many …

The partitioning of organic matter (OM) between dissolved and particulate phases is an
important factor in determining the fate of organic carbon in the ocean. Dissolved organic …

The partial pressure of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere has increased dramatically through
time, and this increase is thought to have occurred in two rapid steps at both ends of the …

Refinements of the geological timescale driven by the increasing precision and accuracy of
radiometric dating have revealed an apparent correlation between large igneous provinces …

Finding life on exoplanets from telescopic observations is an ultimate goal of exoplanet
science. Life produces gases and other substances, such as pigments, which can have …

Preface p. ix Acknowledgments p. xiii Symbols and Acronyms p. xv Symbols p. xv Acronyms
p. xviii Units and Constants p. xxiii Units for physical quantities p. xxiii Important constants p …