The ever‐growing global threats to human life caused by the human acute respiratory virus
(RV) infections have cost billions of lives, created a significant economic burden, and …

In this pandemic situation it is evident that viruses and bacteria, more specifically, multiple
drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, endanger human civilization severely. It is high time to design …

Background Recent outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1) in poultry throughout Asia have
had major economic and health repercussions. Human infections with this virus were …

Avian influenza viruses have 15 different hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes (H1–H15). We report
a procedure for the identification and HA-subtyping of avian influenza virus by reverse …

There is increasing evidence that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is
associated with chronic inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma; however, little is …

Since influenza viruses can cause severe illness, timely diagnosis is important for an
adequate intervention. The available rapid detection methods either lack sensitivity or …

Human enteroviruses have traditionally been typed according to neutralization serotype.
This procedure is limited by the difficulty in culturing some enteroviruses, the availability of …

The clinical presentation of infections caused by the heterogeneous group of the respiratory
viruses can be very similar. Thus, the implementation of virological assays that rapidly …

The avian influenza A virus (AIV) is naturally prevalent in aquatic birds, infecting different
avian species and transmitting from birds to humans. Both AIVs, the H5N1 and H7N9 …

Objectives. We compared the impact of three household interventions—education,
education with alcohol-based hand sanitizer, and education with hand sanitizer and face …