This paper presents a ε-uniform and reliable numerical scheme to solve second-order
singularly perturbed Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations. Some properties of …

In this paper, a linear singularly perturbed Fredholm integro-differential initial value problem
with integral condition is being considered. On a Shishkin-type mesh, a fitted finite difference …

The goal of this study is to introduce a second-order computational method to solve Volterra-
Fredholm integro-differential equations involving boundary layers. To solve numerically, we …

In this work, we consider a Volterra integro-differential equation involving Caputo fractional
derivative of order α∈(0, 1). To approximate the solution, we propose two finite difference …

We consider a singularly perturbed problem for a nonlinear first-order Fredholm integro-
differential equation. Our aim is to build and analyze a numerical approach with uniform …

This article deals with an efficient numerical technique to solve a class of multi-term time
fractional Volterra–Fredholm partial integro-differential equations of first kind. The fractional …

This paper implemented a stable numerical scheme for solving singularly perturbed linear
second-order Fredholm integro-differential equation. A parameter-uniform numerical method …

The aim of the present paper is to introduce a new numerical method for solving Volterra
integro-differential equation involving delay and neutral types. Using the numerical …

A novel parameter-uniform finite difference scheme on a Shishkin-type mesh for a singularly
perturbed Volterra integro-differential equation is studied. The problem is discretized by the …

This article deals with a fitted mesh finite difference method for solving a singularly perturbed
Fredholm integro-differential equation. At first, the derivative part is approximated using the …