People spontaneously create counterfactual alternatives to reality when they think “if only” or
“what if” and imagine how the past could have been different. The mind computes …

Transformer large language models (LLMs) have sparked admiration for their exceptional
performance on tasks that demand intricate multi-step reasoning. Yet, these models …

How individuals choose evidence to test hypotheses is a long-standing puzzle. According to
an algorithmic theory that we present, it is based on dual processes: individuals' intuitions …

The fully updated eighth edition of Cognitive Psychology: A Student's Handbook provides
comprehensive yet accessible coverage of all the key areas in the field ranging from visual …

This article presents a fundamental advance in the theory of mental models as an
explanation of reasoning about facts, possibilities, and probabilities. It postulates that the …

Recently, there have been a number of advances in technology, including in mobile devices,
globalization of companies, display technologies and healthcare, all of which require …

The theory of mental models postulates that conditionals and disjunctions refer to
possibilities, real or counterfactual. Factual conditionals, for example,“If there's an apple …

More than a decade of research has found strong evidence for P (if A, then C)= P (C| A)(“the
Equation”). We argue, however, that this hypothesis provides an overly simplified picture …

A detailed study of research on the psychology of expertise in weather forecasting, drawing
on findings in cognitive science, meteorology, and computer science. This book argues that …

The report of the World Health Organization (WHO) about the poor accessibility of people
living in low-to-middle-income countries to medical facilities and personnel has been a …