Preclinical evidence has firmly established bidirectional interactions among the brain, the
gut, and the gut microbiome. Candidate signaling molecules and at least three …

Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain
activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among the metabolic …

The gut-brain axis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. Many intrinsic and
extrinsic factors influence signaling along this axis, modulating the function of both the …

In a striking display of trans-kingdom symbiosis, gut bacteria cooperate with their animal
hosts to regulate the development and function of the immune, metabolic and nervous …

Fungal communities (the mycobiota) are an integral part of the gut microbiota, and the
disruption of their integrity contributes to local and gut-distal pathologies. Yet, the …

Increasing evidence indicates that the brain regulates peripheral immunity, yet whether and
how the brain represents the state of the immune system remains unclear. Here, we show …

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of
neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The gut microbes …

From early life to adulthood, the microbiota play a crucial role in the health of the infant. The
microbiota in early life are not only a key regulator of infant health but also associated with …

Due to its excellent physical and chemical properties and low price, plastic has replaced part
of the use of stone, wood and metal. The inability to degrade and improper handling have …

Feelings of hunger and satiety are the key determinants for maintaining the life of humans
and animals. Disturbed appetite control may disrupt the metabolic health of the host and …