The needs fulfilled by sleep are unknown, though the effects of insufficient sleep are
manifold. To better understand how the need to sleep is sensed and discharged, much effort …

Given the devastating social and health consequences of drug addiction and the limitations
of current treatments, a new strategy is needed. Circadian system disruptions are frequently …

How do neurons encode the information that underlies cognition, internal states, and
behavior? This review focuses on the neural circuit mechanisms underlying sleep in …

The circadian clock regulates animal physiological activities. How temperature reorganizes
circadian-dependent physiological activities remains elusive. Here, using in-vivo two-photon …

The sleep–wake cycle is determined by circadian and sleep homeostatic processes.
However, the molecular impact of these processes and their interaction in different brain cell …

Circadian clocks align various behaviors such as locomotor activity, sleep/wake, feeding,
and mating to times of day that are most adaptive. How rhythmic information in pacemaker …

The circadian clock of animals regulates various physiological and behavioral processes in
anticipation of, and adaptation to, daily environmental fluctuations. Consequently, the …

Amino acid availability is monitored by animals to adapt to their nutritional environment.
Beyond gustatory receptors and systemic amino acid sensors, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) …

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exhibits two activity peaks, one in the morning and
another in the evening. Because the two peaks change phase depending on the …

Background Sleep disorder contributes to memory dysfunction and chronic diseases. Clear
evidence of environment disturbance, such as residential noise, are associated with an …