Emergence from anesthesia (AE) is the ending stage of anesthesia featuring the transition
from unconsciousness to complete wakefulness and recovery of consciousness (RoC). A …

Serotonin, an important neuromodulator in the brain, is implicated in affective and cognitive
functions. However, its role even for basic cortical processes is controversial. For example …

Major depressive disorder is typically treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs), however, SSRIs take approximately six weeks to produce therapeutic effects, if any …

Psilocybin, a naturally occurring hallucinogenic component of magic mushrooms, has
significant psychoactive effects in both humans and rodents. But the underlying mechanisms …

Anesthetics are widely used for animal research on respiratory control in vivo, but their effect
on breathing and CO2 chemoreception has not been well characterized in mice, a species …

Regulation of systemic PCO 2 is a life-preserving homeostatic mechanism. In the medulla
oblongata, the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) and rostral medullary Raphe are proposed as …

Background Volatile anesthetics moderately depress respiratory function at clinically
relevant concentrations. Phox2b-expressing chemosensitive neurons in the retrotrapezoid …

General anesthetic drugs produce extensive neuronal changes in the central nervous
system by enhancing inhibitory and reducing excitatory neurotransmission. The major …

Background: In vivo mapping by positron emission tomography of the serotonin 1A receptors
has been hindered by the lack of suitable agonist positron emission tomography probes …

Background The global epidemic of Type-2-Diabetes (T2D) highlights the need for novel
therapeutic targets and agents. Roux-en-Y-Gastric-Bypass (RYGB) is the most effective …