Most adaption processes have a polygenic genetic basis, but even with the recent explosive
growth of genomic data we are still lacking a unified framework describing the dynamics of …

Durable crop protection is an essential component of current and future food security.
However, the effectiveness of pesticides is threatened by the evolution of resistant …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the insect CYP genes and P450 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450, or CYP genes, constitutes one of the largest family of genes, with …

Populations adapt to novel environments in two distinct ways: selection on pre-existing
genetic variation and selection on new mutations. These alternative sources of beneficial …

Xenobiotic resistance in insects has evolved predominantly by increasing the metabolic
capability of detoxificative systems and/or reducing xenobiotic target site sensitivity. In …

A population can adapt to a rapid environmental change or habitat expansion in two ways. It
may adapt either through new beneficial mutations that subsequently sweep through the …

Drosophila melanogaster has played a pivotal role in the development of modern population
genetics. However, many basic questions regarding the demographic and adaptive history …

Transposable elements (TEs) are present in roughly all genomes. These mobile DNA
sequences are able to invade genomes and their impact on genome evolution is substantial …

Abstract Changes in environmental conditions can rapidly shift allele frequencies in
populations of species with relatively short generation times. Frequency shifts might be …

The two most damaging biotypes of Bemisia tabaci, B and Q, have both evolved strong
resistance to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid. The major mechanism in all …