The landmark discoveries of leptin and adiponectin firmly established adipose tissue as a
sophisticated and highly active endocrine organ, opening a new era of investigating adipose …

Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) leads to an
increase in morbidity, mortality, and a shortening of life span. The changes in heart structure …

Obesity‐related sleep breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and
obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) cause intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep, a …

Over the past decades, the relationship between the immune system and metabolism has
become a major research focus. In this arena of immunometabolism the capacity of adipose …

Obesity is a heterogenous condition with multiple different phenotypes. Among these a
particular subtype exists named as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). MHO has multiple …

Leptin has central importance in the global obesity and cardiovascular disease problem.
Leptin is principally secreted by adipocytes and acts in the hypothalamus to suppress …

The East Asian region (China, Japan, and South Korea) is comprised of almost 1.5 billion
people and recent industrialization has brought with it a pandemic of rising obesity, even in …

Adipose tissue secretes many regulatory factors called adipokines. Adipokines affect the
metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. They also influence the regulation of the immune …

Background Increased body mass index (BMI) and metabolic abnormalities both have
potential associations with thyroid disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the …

Abstract Purpose of Review The objective of this review is to summarize the literature on the
prevalence and diagnosis of obesity and its metabolic profile, including bone metabolism …