Galectins, a family of animal lectins, play central roles in immune system regulation, shaping
both innate and adaptive responses in physiological and pathological processes. These …

The transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) family was identified more
than a decade ago. Although the founding member of the family was first described in a rat …

Tim-3 is highly expressed on a subset of T cells during T cell exhaustion in settings of
chronic viral infection and tumors. Using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Clone …

Although progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms implicated in the
pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammation, studies aimed at identifying the mediators of …

Macrophage polarization serves an important role in immune regulation that is regulated by
T‑cell immunoglobulin‑mucin‑3 (Tim‑3). The objective of the present study was to explore …

Galectin family is a group of glycan-binding proteins. Members in this family are expressed
in different tissues, immune or non-immune cells. These molecules are important regulators …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered an autoimmune chronic disorder and the most
common inflammatory arthropathy. Disease progression in RA begins with asymptomatic …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex and common systemic autoimmune disease
characterized by synovial inflammation and hyperplasia. Multiple proteins, cells, and …

Background Previous studies have revealed that Galectin-9 (Gal-9) acts as an apoptosis
modulator in autoimmunity and rheumatic inflammation. In the present study, we …

Galectin-9 ameliorates various murine autoimmune disease models by regulating T cells
and macrophages, although it is not known what role it may have in B cells. The present …