The discovery of the sensory nature of the carotid body dates back to the beginning of the
20th century. Following these seminal discoveries, research into carotid body mechanisms …

For decades, exercise has been consid-ered a cornerstone of diabetes management, along
with diet and medication. However, high-quality evidence on the importance of exercise and …

Four grams of glucose circulates in the blood of a person weighing 70 kg. This glucose is
critical for normal function in many cell types. In accordance with the importance of these 4 g …

The accelerated metabolic demands of the working muscle cannot be met without a robust
response from the liver. If not for the hepatic response, sustained exercise would be …

The carotid body has emerged as a therapeutic target for cardio-respiratory-metabolic
diseases. With the expansive functions of the chemoreflex, we sought mechanisms to …

The carotid body (CB) is an arterial chemoreceptor organ located in the carotid bifurcation
and has a well-recognized role in cardiorespiratory regulation. The CB contains …

Peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid and aortic bodies) detect changes in arterial blood
oxygen and initiate reflexes that are important for maintaining homeostasis during …

The metabolic effects of exercise and the actions of insulin are so closely intertwined that it is
difficult to understand the mechanisms of one without considering the impact of the other …

Hypoglycemia poses a serious threat to the integrity of the brain, owing to its reliance on
blood glucose as a fuel. Protecting against hypoglycemia is an extended network of glucose …

Carotid bodies (CBs) are peripheral chemoreceptors that sense changes in blood O2, CO2,
and pH levels. Apart from ventilatory control, these organs are deeply involved in the …