Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide synthesized intracellularly, serves as a pivotal antioxidant,
neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) while …

Mitochondria are critical for providing energy to maintain cell viability. Oxidative
phosphorylation involves the transfer of electrons from energy substrates to oxygen to …

Introduction Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible heat shock protein (HSP32)
that exerts cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation, and is involved in …

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that has been recognized as a neurotoxin, meaning it can cause
harmful effects on the nervous system. However, the neurotoxicology of Pb to birds still …

Aging is a natural process that leads to time-related changes and a decrease in cognitive
abilities, executive functions, and attention. In neuronal aging, brain cells struggle to …

The Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway,
known for its significant role in regulating innate antioxidant defense mechanisms, is …

Studies of longevity rely on baseline life expectancy of reference genotypes measured in
standardized conditions. Variation among labs, protocols, and genotypes makes longevity …

Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that consists of cysteine, glutamate and glycine, is present in
all mammalian tissues in the millimolar range. Besides having numerous cellular functions …

Oxidative stress, an imbalance between production and neutralization of reactive oxygen
species, can damage brain cells and contribute to cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease …

Objective: In forensic practice, the diagnosis of whether a skin injury is inflicted in life or not
is a challenging research topic. Therefore, new reliable biomarkers of vitality are urgently …