Since the geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Western countries led by the
United States and the European Union have launched several energy sanctions against …

This paper employs the mixed-frequency vector autoregression (MF-VAR) to assess the
causal relationship between geopolitical risk (GPR) and crude oil security (COS) for China …

Oil supply chains play a vital role in the day-to-day functioning of national economies and
obstruction in its services can lead to dire consequences. For this purpose, it is imperative …

Energy security assessment provides a benchmark for policy analysis and identifies the
challenges for ensuring energy supplies as well. This paper develops a composite index for …

The fossil fuel energy carriers significantly affect the energy security. The oil security has
turned to one of the main political agenda by considering the two world's oil crises. In this …

The aim of the study was analysis of the criticality of crude oil for a Poland. The need to
ensure continuous supply of oil for the Polish economy is one of the key foundations of …

Modern studies on green technologies for transportation sector are attaining attraction
among the research communities from diverse parts. We learn the significance of plug-in …

Asia's share of global demand for natural gas has increased from 12 to 21 per cent since the
turn of the century, and the overall consumption has more than doubled. At the same time …

Recently the large fluctuation of nickel futures price makes the nickel trade price become the
focus of policymakers' attention. Affected by resource endowment and resource demand, the …

The energy trade is an important pillar of each country's development, making up for the
imbalance in the production and consumption of fossil fuels. Geopolitical risks affect the …