In classic competitive bottleneck settings, platforms compete for buyers but act as
gatekeepers when setting prices to sellers to access their buyers. We provide a general …

Network interoperability between platforms often comes in various possible configurations,
including industry-wide, coalition-based, and pairwise interoperability arrangements. We …

We study the behavior of competing platforms in a two-sided market. A user derives two
types of utility from joining a platform: the intrinsic membership benefit, which varies across …