Recent findings have provided a molecular basis for the combined contributions of
multifaceted risk factors for the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS appears to start as a …

As an anti-inflammatory alkaloid, nicotine plays dual roles in treating diseases. Here we
reviewed the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine on inflammatory …

Although genetic susceptibility explains the clustering of multiple sclerosis (MS) within
families and the sharp decline in risk with increasing genetic distance, it cannot fully explain …

The association between smoke habit and autoimmunity has been hypothesized a long time
ago. Smoke has been found to play a pathogenic role in certain autoimmune disease as it …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) disorder that is
associated with functional impairment and accruing disability. There are multiple US Food …

A better understanding of immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis and the contribution of environmental risk factors toward the development of …

The clinical development of selective alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR)
agonists has hitherto been focused on disorders characterized by cognitive deficits (eg …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that
involves damage to the myelin sheath surrounding axons. MS therapy is based on …

Cigarette smoking is the most prominent significant cause of death and morbidity. It is
recognised as a risk factor for a number of immune mediated, inflammatory diseases …

Nicotine, the major component of cigarettes, has demonstrated conflicting impact on the
immune system: some authors suggest that increases pro-inflammatory cytokines and …