This paper discussed the prediction of the equatorial ionospheric F 2 layer critical
frequencies, fo F 2, using a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model in conjunction …

This paper considers the prediction of the critical frequencies of the ionospheric F2 layer,
foF2, by using two models: a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model and a BPNN …

This study investigates the local time diffusion coefficient for stable and unstable (,) states at
the equator (00)," the geographical latitude where the first peak of the magnetic equatorial …

In this study, we mainly focus our attention on mathematical analysis of the phase and group
velocities of low-frequency Alfvèn waves in the E region of the ionosphere. According to …

Light is a well-known electromagnetic wave that propagates, transmits, reflects, and
polarizes in any medium. Waves have a huge technical impact as a determinant of human …

This literature review considered journals published over the last five years as primary
references in the field of forecasting ionospheric F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) under …

This paper examines the prediction of the ionospheric F 2 layer's critical frequencies (fo F 2)
using a backpropagation neural network model in conjunction with particle swarm …

The behavior of phase and group velocities of waves occurring in the ionosphere, which is
considered collision-free, is the focus of this article. The phase velocities of the waves …

The behavior of phase and group velocities of a left-polarized wave in the F-region of the
ionosphere is studied in this paper. Despite the fact that the magnitudes of a left polarized …

This manuscript investigates on the magnitude of polarization of characteristic wave (Dz= 0),
for all seasons by using the real geometry of the Earth's magnetic field for the selected …