Hypersaline brines are of growing environmental concern. While high-salinity desalination
and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) are increasingly attractive treatment options, the high salt …

Further reduction in energy consumption is an attractive prospect for both well-established
technologies such as reverse osmosis and electrodialysis, and for emerging desalination …

The ocean has often been announced as a sustainable source of important materials for
civilization. Application of the same extraction processes to desalination concentrate, rather …

Recovery of natural gas and oil from unconventional (shale) reservoirs relies on horizontal
drilling and hydraulic fracturing to make it economical. Hydraulic fracturing generates vast …

The limited clean water resource has urged the need to extract fresh water from non-
conventional sources. Produced water (PW) is a potential source of fresh water, particularly …

Water and energy are two key factors in human life that always control the growth and
development of human societies. Climate changes, increasing the population in urban areas …

Carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions present one of the world's most pressing issues as a
primary drive for climate change. This requires a viable solution through capture and storage …

Due to current water stress, there is a problem with hygiene and sanitation in many parts of
the world. According to predictions from the United Nations, more than 2.7 billion people will …

Increasing water scarcity in the face of climate change has driven significant interest in
finding low-carbon-intensity ways of generating fresh water from saline sources …

In this study, the recent advances in standalone membrane technologies were investigated
for produced water treatment and reclamation. The effect of operating parameters (ie …