Brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP) is an upper extremity paralysis that occurs due to traction
injury of the brachial plexus during childbirth. Approximately 20% of children with brachial …

Contractures of the shoulder joint and glenohumeral joint dysplasia are well known
complications to obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. Despite extensive description of these …

Background: Following neonatal brachial plexus palsy, the Putti sign—obligatory tilt of the
scapula with brachiothoracic adduction—suggests the presence of glenohumeral abduction …

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of two
proposed mechanisms, strength imbalance and impaired longitudinal muscle growth, to …

Purpose Two potential mechanisms leading to postural and osseous shoulder deformity
after brachial plexus birth palsy are muscle imbalance between functioning internal rotators …

Muscle contractures are a prominent and disabling feature of many neuromuscular
disorders, including the 2 most common forms of childhood neurologic dysfunction: neonatal …

Background Static posterior subluxation of the humeral head is a pre-osteoarthritic deformity
preceding posterior erosion in young patients. Its etiology remains unknown. The aim of this …

Brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) is the most common nerve injury among children. The
glenohumeral joint of affected children can undergo severe osseous deformation and …

Background: Constitutional static posterior humeral decentering (type C1 according to ABC
Classification) has been recognized as a pre–osteoarthritic deformity that may lead to early …

Purpose Brachial plexus birth injury can differ in presentation, depending on whether the
nerve ruptures distal to, or avulses proximal to, the dorsal root ganglion. More substantial …