▪ Abstract Although the use of aggregation pheromones has been reported for hundreds of
nonsocial arthropod species, the evolutionary ecological aspects of this behavior have …

Animals can congregate in groups for many reasons, from reproductive assurance to
improved foraging or predation efficiency, to avoiding themselves becoming the target of …

Literature Cited to accompany Animal Communication, 2e Page 1 Principles of Animal
Communication, Second Edition Jack W. Bradbury and Sandra L. Vehrencamp Chapter 14 …

Avoiding Attack discusses the diversity of mechanisms by which prey avoid predator attacks
and explores how such defensive mechanisms have evolved through natural selection. It …

Gene duplication followed by adaptive evolution is one of the primary forces for the
emergence of new gene function. Here we describe the recent proliferation, transposition …

Understanding the early evolution of aposematic (warning) coloration has been a challenge
for scientists, as a new conspicuous morph in a population of cryptic insects would have a …

Many aposematic species have evolved an aggregated lifestyle, and one possible
advantage of grouping in warningly coloured prey is that it makes the aposematic signal …

Recently there has been debate over the importance of innate avoidance of aposematic
prey by predators, particularly birds. There is evidence that the predators have innate or …

1. Females of Chlosyne lacinia (Geyer)(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Melitaenae), the
bordered patch butterfly, clump eggs in a few large clusters on their host plant, Helianthus …

Females of many insect species cluster their eggs. Egg clustering by lepidopteran species
usually results in aggregation of larvae that are more often conspicuously coloured and …