Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most, if not
all, forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the TGF-β isoform, TGF-β1, or its …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that causes pain and disability in the
adult population. OA is primarily caused by trauma induced by an external force or by age …

Pericytes are vascular mural cells embedded in the basement membrane of blood
microvessels. They extend their processes along capillaries, pre-capillary arterioles and …

Osteoarthritis (OA), is a major cause of severe joint pain, physical disability and quality of life
impairment in the aging population across the developed and developing world. Increased …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), originally identified as osteoinductive components in
extracts derived from bone, are now known to play important roles in a wide array of …

Genetic studies in animals and humans indicate that gene mutations that functionally perturb
transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling are linked to specific hereditary vascular …

Renal fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that
disrupts and replaces functional parenchyma, which leads to organ failure. It is known as the …

Howard Hughes Medical Institute Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center process are now
understood. Adjacent to the kinase domain of the type I receptors is a conserved 30 amino …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cytokines signal via a complex network of pathways to
regulate proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and other functions in many cell …

Recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular signaling pathways and
global transcriptional regulators of adult mesenchymal stem cells have provided new …