The intracellular nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor and the transmembrane G protein-
coupled receptor TGR5 respond to bile acids by activating transcriptional networks and/or …

Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance coupled with an inability to produce enough
insulin to control blood glucose, and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are the only current …

The lifelong health of an individual is shaped during critical periods of development. The
fetus is particularly susceptible to internal and external stimuli, many of which can alter …

So far some nuclear receptors for bile acids have been identified. However, no cell surface
receptor for bile acids has yet been reported. We found that a novel G protein-coupled …

The induction of expression of genes for xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in response to
chemical insult is an adaptive response found in most organisms. In vertebrates, the AhR is …

All of the naturally occurring vitamin E forms, as well as those of synthetic all-rac-α-
tocopherol, have relatively similar antioxidant properties, so why does the body prefer α …

Bile acids repress the transcription of cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1), which catalyzes the
rate-limiting step in bile acid biosynthesis. Although bile acids activate the farnesoid X …

The discovery of oxysterols as the endogenous liver X receptor (LXR) ligands and
subsequent gene targeting studies in mice provided strong evidence that LXR plays a …

Drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) play central roles in the metabolism, elimination and
detoxification of xenobiotics and drugs introduced into the human body. Most of the tissues …

Dietary fat intake is an environmental factor that affects many aspects of human health. 1
Several lines of evidence suggest that common diseases of modern society are associated …