The Faraday effect describes the phenomenon that a magnetized material can alter the
polarization state of transmitted light. Interestingly, unlike most light-matter interactions in …

This tutorial provides an intuitive and concrete description of the phenomena of
electromagnetic nonreciprocity that will be useful for readers with engineering or physics …

In a topological insulator (TI) the character of electron transport varies from insulating in the
interior of the material to metallic near its surface. Unlike, however, ordinary metals …

The electrodynamics of topological insulators (TIs) is described by modified Maxwell's
equations, which contain additional terms that couple an electric field to a magnetization and …

Electrons with a linear energy/momentum dispersion are called massless Dirac electrons
and represent the low-energy excitations in exotic materials such as graphene and …

A Faraday isolator is an electromagnetic non-reciprocal device, a key element in photonics.
It is required to shield electromagnetic sources against the effect of back-reflected light, as …

Terahertz isolators, one of the typical nonreciprocal devices that can break Lorentz
reciprocity, are indispensable building blocks in terahertz systems for their critical …

Isolators, or optical diodes, are devices enabling unidirectional light propagation by using
non-reciprocal optical materials, namely materials able to break Lorentz reciprocity. The …

The nonreciprocal circular dichroism and Faraday rotation effect for terahertz (THz) waves in
longitudinally magnetized InSb were investigated by theoretical and experimental studies in …

In recent years, handheld and portable terahertz instruments have been in rapid
development for various applications ranging from non-destructive testing to biomedical …