Congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract (CALUT) are a family of birth defects of the
ureter, the bladder, and the urethra. CALUT includes ureteral anomaliesc such as congenital …

Advances in clinical diagnostics and molecular tools have improved our understanding of
the genetically heterogeneous causes underlying congenital anomalies of kidney and …

To define the relationship between sex, residence, maternal age, and a broad range of birth
defects by conducting a comprehensive cross-analysis based on up-to-date data. Data were …

Purpose: Anecdotal evidence suggests that complex congenital genitourinary anomalies are
occurring less frequently. However, few epidemiological studies are available to confirm or …

The urinary tract comprises the renal pelvis, the ureter, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The tract acts as a functional unit, first propelling urine from the kidney to the bladder, then …

Cloacal exstrophy presents as a complex abdominal wall defect thought to result from a
mesodermal abnormality. Anatomically, its main components are Omphalocele, bladder …

Migratory failure of somitic cells is the commonest explanation for ventral body wall defects.
However, the embryo increases~ 25‐fold in volume in the period that the ventral body wall …

Abdominal wall defects are a complex group of anomalies, and many are incorrectly
diagnosed. Evaluation of the defect relative to the umbilical cord insertion site is …

Purpose Open inguinal hernia repair in children with bladder exstrophy is challenging and
associated with a high recurrence rate (15%–22%). We report our initial experience with …

The T-box transcription factor BRACHYURY (T) is a key regulator of mesoderm formation
during early development. Complete loss of T has been shown to lead to embryonic lethality …