Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, or amylin) is one of the major secretory products of β-cells of
the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. It is a regulatory peptide with putative function both …

In the cell, as in vitro, the final conformation of a protein is determined by its amino-acid
sequence. But whereas some isolated proteins can be denatured and refolded in vitro in the …

The redox state of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was measured with the peptide N-Acetyl-
Asn-Tyr-Thr-Cys-NH2. The peptide diffused across cellular membranes; some became …

The plant seed is not only an organ of propagation and dispersal but also the major plant
tissue harvested by humankind. The amount of protein present in seeds varies from-10%(in …

Thioredoxin is known as a hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase, the essential
enzyme providing deoxyribonucleotides for DNA replication (1-4). Characterization of viable …

Accumulating evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a role in the
pathogenesis of diabetes, contributing to pancreatic β-cell loss and insulin resistance …

Protein folding is a complex, error-prone process that often results in an irreparable protein
by-product. These by-products can be recognized by cellular quality control machineries …

Disulfide bond formation is probably involved in the biogenesis of approximately one third of
human proteins. A central player in this essential process is protein disulfide isomerase or …

The unifying feature of all proteins that are transported out of the cytoplasm of gram-negative
bacteria by the general secretory pathway (GSP) is the presence of a long stretch of …

We describe a mutation (d&A) that renders Escherichia coli severely defective in disulfide
bond formation. In d&A mutant cells, pulse-labeled P-lactamase, alkaline phosphatase, and …