Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of
Parkinson's disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it still represents a milestone in PD …

The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

Epigenetics is a quickly growing field encompassing mechanisms regulating gene
expression that do not involve changes in the genotype. Epigenetics is of increasing …

This article reviews the anatomical connections of the paraventricular nucleus of the
thalamus (PVT) and discusses some of the connections by which the PVT could influence …

The structure of the brain and the nature of evolution suggest that, despite its uniqueness,
language likely depends on brain systems that also subserve other functions. The …

What are the psychological, computational and neural underpinnings of language? Are
these neurocognitive correlates dedicated to language? Do different parts of language …

Cholinergic transmission in the striatal complex is critical for the modulation of the activity of
local microcircuits and dopamine release. Release of acetylcholine has been considered to …

The basal ganglia (BG) are a highly organized network, where different parts are activated
for specific functions and circumstances. The BG are involved in movement control, as well …

The striatum represents the main input into the basal ganglia. Neurons projecting from the
striatum receive a large convergence of afferents from all areas of the cortex and transmit …

The basal ganglia occupy the core of the forebrain and consist of evolutionarily conserved
motor nuclei that form recurrent circuits critical for motivation and motor planning. The …