Extreme variability of the winter‐and spring‐time stratospheric polar vortex has been shown
to affect extratropical tropospheric weather. Therefore, reducing stratospheric forecast error …

Abstract The Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar winter stratosphere of 2019/2020 featured an
exceptionally strong and cold stratospheric polar vortex. Wave activity from the troposphere …

The stratospheric polar vortex can influence the tropospheric circulation and thereby winter
weather in the mid-latitudes. Weak vortex states, often associated with sudden stratospheric …

Recent evidence from both observations and model simulations suggests that an Arctic sea
ice reduction tends to cause a negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) phase with severe winter …

Over recent years there have been concomitant advances in the development of
stratosphere-resolving numerical models, our understanding of stratosphere–troposphere …

Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events have received increased attention since their
impacts on the troposphere became evident recently. Studies of SSW usually focus on polar …

The effect of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the Northern Hemisphere wintertime
stratospheric polar vortex is evaluated using a meteorological reanalysis data set and a …

A novel diagnostic tool is presented, based on polar-cap temperature anomalies, for
visualizing daily variability of the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex over multiple decades. This …

The Arctic stratospheric polar vortex is an important driver of mid-latitude cold spells. One
proposed coupling mechanism between the stratospheric polar vortex and the troposphere …

Wintertime cold air outbreaks (CAOs) in the Great Plains of the United States have
significant socioeconomic, environmental, and infrastructural impacts; the events of …