Background Systematic reviews are an important tool of evidence-based surgery. Surgical
systematic reviews and trials, however, require a special methodological approach. Purpose …

The UK Medical Research Council's widely used guidance for developing and evaluating
complex interventions has been replaced by a new framework, commissioned jointly by the …

Placebo comparisons are increasingly being considered for randomised trials assessing the
efficacy of surgical interventions. The aim of this Review is to provide a summary of …

Objective: To update, clarify, and extend IDEAL concepts and recommendations.
Background: New surgical procedures, devices, and other complex interventions need …

Background Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is the most reliable procedure for lymph
node staging. However, the therapeutic benefit remains unproven; although most radical …

Purpose The development of common ontologies has recently been identified as one of the
key challenges in the emerging field of surgical data science (SDS). However, past and …

Compared with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in medical specialties, RCTs in cardiac
surgery face specific issues. Individual and collective equipoise, rapid evolution of the …

Abstract Aim Pilonidal sinus or Pilonidal Disease (PD) is a relatively common, benign but
challenging condition. Although commonly encountered in practice, its ideal treatment is …

Background Achieving stable closure of complex or contaminated abdominal wall incisions
remains challenging. This study aimed to characterize the stage of innovation for biological …

Simple Summary Evidence-based medicine uses healthcare professional experience,
research evidence, and patient preferences to support the best decisions in healthcare …