Glia are essential for brain functioning during development and in the adult brain. Here, we
discuss the various roles of both microglia and astrocytes, and their interactions during brain …

The mammalian retina provides an excellent opportunity to study glia–neuron interactions
and the interactions of glia with blood vessels. Three main types of glial cells are found in …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microangiopathic complication of diabetes
mellitus, representing a major cause of visual impairment in developed countries …

Background: Angiogenesis is a dynamic process that involves expansion of a preexisting
vascular network that can occur in a number of physiological and pathological settings …

Endothelial sprouting and proliferation are tightly coordinated processes mediating the
formation of new blood vessels during physiological and pathological angiogenesis …

There are two major types of ocular neovascularization that affect the retina, retinal
neovascularization (NV) and subretinal or choroidal NV. Retinal NV occurs in a group of …

Abstract Development of the retinal vasculature is based on highly coordinated signalling
between different cell types of the retina, integrating internal metabolic requirements with …

Diabetic retinopathy remains a relevant clinical problem. In parallel with diagnostic and
therapeutic improvements, the role of glycaemia and reactive metabolites causing cell stress …

The retinal capillary vasculature serves the formidable role of supplying the metabolically
active inner and middle retina. In the parafoveal region, the retinal capillary plexuses (RCP) …

Sprouting angiogenesis is a dynamic process in which endothelial cells collectively migrate,
shape new lumenized tubes, make new connections, and remodel the nascent network into …