Bone remodeling replaces old and damaged bone with new bone through a sequence of
cellular events occurring on the same surface without any change in bone shape. It was …

Osteocytes are an ancient cell, appearing in fossilized skeletal remains of early fish and
dinosaurs. Despite its relative high abundance, even in the context of nonskeletal cells, the …

Multinucleation is a hallmark of osteoclast maturation. The unique and dynamic
multinucleation process not only increases cell size but causes functional alterations …

Although the control of bone-resorbing osteoclasts through osteocyte-derived RANKL is well
defined, little is known about the regulation of osteoclasts by osteocyte death. Indeed …

Vital osteocytes have been well known to function as an important orchestrator in the
preservation of robustness and fidelity of the bone remodeling process. Nevertheless, some …

In the physiological condition, the skeletal system's bone resorption and formation are in
dynamic balance, called bone homeostasis. However, bone homeostasis is destroyed under …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disease characterized by subchondral bone perfusion
abnormalities and neovascular invasion into the synovium and articular cartilage. In addition …

Chondrocytes proliferate and mature into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Vascular invasion into
the cartilage occurs in the terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte layer, and terminal …

Cell death in skeletal component cells, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes,
plays roles in skeletal development, maintenance, and repair as well as in the pathogenesis …

Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation.
The TNF-mediated biosynthesis of glutathione has been shown to protect synovial …