Blockchain, as a decentralized and distributed public ledger technology in peer-to-peer
network, has received considerable attention recently. It applies a linked block structure to …

Blockchains offer a decentralized, immutable and verifiable ledger that can record
transactions of digital assets, provoking a radical change in several innovative scenarios …

Within just four years, the blockchain-based Decentralized Finance (DeFi) ecosystem has
accumulated a peak total value locked (TVL) of more than 253 billion USD. This surge in …

Trusted third parties (TTPs) are frequently used for serving as an authority to issue and verify
transactions in applications. Although the TTP-based paradigm provides customers with …

The Internet of Things (IoT) devices possessed by individuals produce massive amounts of
data. The private data onto specific IoT devices can be combined with intelligent platform to …

Smart contracts are applications that execute on blockchains. Today they manage billions of
dollars in value and motivate visionary plans for pervasive blockchain deployment. While …

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are entirely controlled by hospitals instead of patients,
which complicates seeking medical advices from different hospitals. Patients face a critical …

Permissionless blockchain, as a kind of distributed ledger, has gained considerable
attention because of its openness, transparency, decentralization, and immutability …

Blockchain, an emerging paradigm of secure and shareable computing, is a systematic
integration of 1) chain structure for data verification and storage, 2) distributed consensus …

Bitcoin is the most widely known distributed, peer-to-peer payment network without
existence of a central authority. In Bitcoin, users do not use real names; instead …