Supervised learning depends on instructive signals that shape the output of neural circuits to
support learned changes in behavior. Climbing fiber (CF) inputs to the cerebellar cortex …

The cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor learning and memory, and recent studies have
proposed various cerebellar models to investigate these functions. This review examines the …

Despite its uniform appearance, the cerebellar cortex is highly heterogeneous in terms of
structure, genetics and physiology. Purkinje cells (PCs), the principal and sole output …

Two forms of plasticity, synaptic and intrinsic, are neural substrates for learning and memory.
Abnormalities in homeostatic plasticity cause severe neuropsychiatric diseases, such as …

Purkinje cell (PC) synapses onto cerebellar nuclei (CbN) neurons allow signals from the
cerebellar cortex to influence the rest of the brain. PCs are inhibitory neurons that …

Precisely tracking time over second-long timescales is important for accurate anticipation
and consequential actions, yet the neurobiological underpinnings remain unknown. In this …

Simple Summary Eyeblink conditioning is a simple form of learning that has been used to
study areas of the brain involved in how we learn new tasks and how we remember them …

According to the motor learning theory by Albus and Ito, synaptic depression at the parallel
fibre to Purkinje cells synapse (pf-PC) is the main substrate responsible for learning …

The delicate balance between discrimination and generalization of responses is crucial for
survival in our ever-changing environment. In particular, it is important to understand how …

Physical exercise has repeatedly been reported to have advantageous effects on brain
functions, including learning and memory formation. However, objective tools to measure …