We present a new cross-national measure of de facto judicial independence, which is
available for 200 countries from 1948 to 2012. To do so, we introduce a statistical …

The" democracy" issue is a mirage; we are led back around to the question on its merits.'Sit
tight, the worm is about to turn again in constitutional" theory." Fed up with the activism of the …

Democratic and autocratic states routinely violate their international agreements protecting
human rights. Scholars typically link ratification and compliance behavior theoretically but …

We provide a conceptual map of judicial independence and evaluate the content, construct,
and convergent validity of 13 cross-national measures. There is evidence suggesting the …

What explains the success of criminal prosecutions against former Latin American officials
accused of human rights violations? Why did some judiciaries evolve from unresponsive …

American constitutional law has, practically from the start, consisted of a struggle between
two principles, which we can call" popular constitutionalism" and" legal constitutionalism." In …

There are divergent views in the legal academy concerning judicial review, but at their core
these views share a common (and possibly flawed) premise. The premise is that the …

International human rights treaties are argued to increase both the likelihood of domestic
mobilized dissent and judicial constraint. These pressures pull leaders in conflicting …

The rule of law has become a favored solution to crucial substantive problems in the social
sciences. Measures of the concept have proliferated over the past decade, yet scholars …

The positive literature on judicial behavior has not received nearly the attention it deserves.
That literature has a great deal to offer, both to legal scholars and to those who are …