Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to
complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are …

Adaptive plant responses to specific abiotic stresses or biotic agents are fine-tuned by a
network of hormonal signaling cascades, including abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, jasmonic …

Plants have to cope with a plethora of biotic stresses such as herbivory and pathogen
attacks throughout their life cycle. The biotic stresses typically trigger rapid emissions of …

The sessile plant has developed mechanisms to survive the “rough and tumble” of its natural
surroundings, aided by its evolved innate immune system. Precise perception and rapid …

Subtilisin‐like proteases (or subtilases) are a very diverse family of serine peptidases
present in many organisms, but mostly in plants. With a broad spectrum of biological …

The plants defend themselves against insect herbivores through utilizing the combination of
direct defense traits and indirect defense approaches. Direct defense is involved both …

The number, diversity and significance of peptides as regulators of cellular differentiation,
growth, development and defence of plants has long been underestimated. Peptides have …

Plants have evolved with various effective mechanisms to defend themselves against
herbivores, and one such mechanism is the production of protease inhibitors that disrupt …

The jasmonate family of growth regulators includes the isoleucine (Ile) conjugate of
jasmonic acid (JA-Ile) and its biosynthetic precursor 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) as …

The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) is a polyphagous herbivore that causes
serious damage to many agricultural plants. In addition to causing feeding damage, it is also …