A transaction fee mechanism (TFM) is an essential component of a blockchain protocol.
However, a systematic evaluation of the real-world impact of TFMs is still absent. Using rich …

Blockchain introduces decentralized trust in peer-to-peer networks, advancing security and
democratizing systems. Yet, a unified definition for decentralization remains elusive. Our …

Abstract The Bitcoin Lightning Network (BLN) was launched in 2018 to scale up the number
of transactions between Bitcoin owners. Although several contributions concerning the …

More than ten years ago the blockchain was acclaimed as the solution to overcome
centralised trusted third parties for online payments. Through the years the crypto-movement …

In this paper, we use the methods of networks science to analyse the transaction networks of
tokens running on the Ethereum blockchain. We start with a deep dive on four of them …

Decentralized finance (DeFi) has the potential to disrupt centralized finance by validating
peer-to-peer transactions through tamper-proof smart contracts, thus significantly lowering …

We propose a novel framework to analyse the velocity of money in terms of the contribution
(MicroVelocity) of each individual agent, and to uncover the distributional determinants of …

In recent years, a surge of criminal activities with cross-cryptocurrency trades have emerged
in Ethereum, the second-largest public blockchain platform. Most of the existing anomaly …

In this article, we model the two most market-capitalised public, open and permissionless
blockchain implementations, Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH), as a System of Systems …

The behaviour of Bitcoin owners is reflected in the structure and the number of bitcoin
transactions encoded in the Blockchain. Likewise, the behaviour of Bitcoin traders is …