Many enveloped viruses complete their replication cycle by forming vesicles that bud from
the plasma membrane. Some viruses encode “late”(L) domain motifs that are able to hijack …

Virus replication and virus assembly often occur in virus inclusions or virus factories that
form at pericentriolar sites close to the microtubule organizing center or in specialized …

The expression of many putative antiviral genes is upregulated when cells encounter type I
interferon (IFN), but the actual mechanisms by which many IFN-induced gene products …

Salmonella enterica species are exposed to envelope stresses due to their environmental
and infectious lifestyles. Such stresses include amphipathic cationic antimicrobial peptides …

The role of cellular proteins in the replication of retroviruses, especially during virus
assembly, has been partly unraveled by recent studies. Paradoxically, little is known about …

Spuma-or foamy viruses (FV), endemic in most non-human primates, cats, cattle and horses,
comprise a special type of retrovirus that has developed a replication strategy combining …

The replication strategy of foamy viruses diverges in many aspects from what is commonly
accepted as the rules of retroviral replication. Although many questions on the details of the …

Abstract Background Foamy viruses (FVs) are retroviruses with unique replication strategies
that cause lifelong latent infections in their hosts. FVs can also produce foam-like cytopathic …

Background The foamy virus (FV) replication cycle displays several unique features, which
set them apart from orthoretroviruses. First, like other B/D type orthoretroviruses, FV capsids …

An essential step in the release of an extracellular enveloped virus particle is a budding
event that ultimately separates virion and host cell membranes. For many enveloped …