High passenger and freight transport costs are a barrier to economic growth and social
mobility, particularly in Low Income Countries (LICs). This paper considers the current state …

This is the first study in the academic literature to examine, using econometric methods, the
cost impacts of three different approaches to structuring railway systems: vertical separation …

This paper studies the experience of Europe's three most liberalised railways-Sweden,
Germany and Britain-in opening-up rail passenger services to competition by means of …

Based on extensive qualitative research, this article analyzes the governance of competition
in European railways and relates this to their performance via five case studies covering the …

In recent years, European railway regulation has been subject to major reform, with the
powers, independence, and responsibilities of rail regulators across Europe strengthened …

In Europe, many countries have completely separated their railways into totally separate
infrastructure managers and railway undertakings (train operators) and the European …

In 1988, rail infrastructure was vertically and institutionally separated from train operations in
Sweden. This major reform became the starting point for a step-by-step liberalisation of the …

The transport policy of the European Union aims to increase modal shares of railways. Its
principal reform measures are vertical separation and competition entry. However, there are …

Train dispatching is vital for the punctuality of train services, which is critical for a train
operating company (TOC) to maintain its competitiveness. Due to the introduction of …

Transportation service providers are under increasing pressure to raise cost efficiency
without sacrificing safety. We show the usefulness of a nonparametric multi-output …