Infections frequently contain multiple strains (genotypes) of the same pathogen, yet they are
still usually treated as uniform entities. In this Review, we discuss problems with inconsistent …

Traditionally, infection with Plasmodium vivax was thought to be benign and self-limiting,
however, recent evidence has demonstrated that infection with P. vivax can also result in …

Abstract Background Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are the major causative
agents of malaria. While knowledge of the genetic structure of malaria parasites is useful for …

Background The malaria elimination plan of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) is
jeopardized by the increasing number of Plasmodium vivax infections and emergence of …

The Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein-3α (PvMSP-3α) is considered as a
potential vaccine candidate. However, the detailed investigations of the type of immune …

Molecular epidemiology represents a powerful approach to elucidate the complex
epidemiological cycles of multi-host pathogens, such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum. A …

Abstract Background In the Greater Mekong sub-region, Plasmodium vivax has become the
predominant species and imposes a major challenge for regional malaria elimination. This …

High levels of genetic variants of Plasmodium vivax have previously been reported in
Thailand. Circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP), merozoite surface protein (MSP), and …

Abstract Background In Mexico, combined chloroquine (CQ) and primaquine (PQ) treatment
has been used since the late 1950s to treat Plasmodium vivax infections. Although malaria …

Abstract Background Hainan Province is one of the most severe endemic regions with high
transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in China. However, the …