Animal and plant immune systems use intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization
domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) to detect pathogens, resulting in the activation of …

Plants coordinately use cell‐surface and intracellular immune receptors to perceive
pathogens and mount an immune response. Intracellular events of pathogen recognition are …

Highlights•NLRs may have evolved from singletons to pairs and networks.•Assembly of
immunoreceptor complexes is associated with NLR activation.•NLR (mis) regulation …

The powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae) are globally distributed plant pathogens with a
range of more than 10,000 plant hosts. In this review, we discuss the long‐and short‐term …

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing proteins in plants and
animals mediate intracellular pathogen sensing. Plant NLRs typically detect strain-specific …

In plants, host–pathogen coevolution often manifests in reciprocal, adaptive genetic
changes through variations in host nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors …

Crop losses caused by plant pathogens are a primary threat to stable food production. Stripe
rust (Puccinia striiformis) is a fungal pathogen of cereal crops that causes significant …

Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLRs) immune receptors directly or indirectly
recognize pathogen-secreted effector molecules to initiate plant defense. Recognition of …

Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs) in plants can
detect avirulence (AVR) effectors of pathogenic microbes. The Mildew locus a (Mla) NLR …

Arms race co-evolution drives rapid adaptive changes in pathogens and in the immune
systems of their hosts. Plant intracellular NLR immune receptors detect effectors delivered …