In recent years, there has been a significant expansion in female participation in endurance
(road and trail) running. The often reported sex differences in maximal oxygen uptake (V …

Running economy (RE) is considered an important physiological measure for endurance
athletes, especially distance runners. This review considers 1) how RE is defined and …

Background Reducing the energetic cost of running seems the most feasible path to a sub-2-
hour marathon. Footwear mass, cushioning, and bending stiffness each affect the energetic …

The requirements of running a 2-h marathon have been extensively debated but the actual
physiological demands of running at∼ 21.1 km/h have never been reported. We therefore …

Despite an intuitive relationship between technique and both running economy (RE) and
performance, and the diverse techniques used by runners to achieve forward locomotion …

Background Middle-and long-distance running performance is constrained by several
important aerobic and anaerobic parameters. The efficacy of strength training (ST) for …

Most running studies have considered level running (LR), yet the regulation of locomotor
behaviour during uphill (UR) and downhill (DR) running is fundamental to increase our …

Background Economy, velocity/power at maximal oxygen uptake (v ̇ VO _ 2\, max/\text w ̇
VO _ 2\, max v V˙ O 2 max/w V˙ O 2 max) and endurance-specific muscle power tests (ie …

Profiling physiological attributes is an important role for applied exercise physiologists
working with endurance athletes. These attributes are typically assessed in well-rested …

Purpose: Our goal was to quantify if small (1-3%) changes in running economy quantitatively
affect distance-running performance. Based on the linear relationship between metabolic …