Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) acts as a cofactor in several oxidation-reduction
(redox) reactions and is a substrate for a number of nonredox enzymes. NAD is fundamental …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes account for a considerable proportion of the global burden of
age-related metabolic diseases. In age-related metabolic diseases, tissue crosstalk and …

Acute colitis is characterised by an unpredictable onset and causes intestinal flora
imbalance together with microbial migration, which leads to complex parenteral diseases …

Adipose tissues perform physiological functions such as energy storage and endocrine,
whose dysfunction will lead to severe metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidences show …

Aging is associated with profound alterations in skeletal muscle, including loss of muscle
mass and function, local inflammation, altered mitochondrial physiology, and attenuated …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a classic metaflammatory disease, and the inflammatory
states of the pancreatic islet and insulin target organs have been well confirmed. However …

Obesity disrupts the immune system of adipose tissue, and the activation of its macrophages
constantly infiltrating adipose tissue is a crucial cause of insulin resistance induced by …

Acute phase proteins (APPs), such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), serum
amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP), are elevated in type-2 diabetes (T2D) and …

Obesity and asthma are two common health issues that have shown increased prevalence
in recent years and have become a significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. Obesity …

Obesity-induced chronic inflammation has been linked to several autoimmune diseases,
including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. The underlying …