Background Many nutrients have powerful immunomodulatory actions with the potential to
alter susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, progression to …

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the emergence of a new strain of coronavirus (SARS-
CoV-2) around the end of December 2019, has caused a worldwide public health …

Coronavirus disease, first detected in late 2019 (COVID-19), has spread fast throughout the
world, leading to high mortality. This condition can be diagnosed using RT-PCR technique …

Studies on host-pathogen interaction have identified human ACE2 as a host cell receptor
responsible for mediating infection by coronavirus (COVID-19). Subsequent studies have …

Since December 2019, a new form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from a
novel strain of coronavirus (SARS coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2]) has been spreading …

To conquer the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 virus, a large number of studies have been
carried out on COVID-19 infection, transmission and treatment. However, few studies have …

Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important player of the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in regulating the conversion of angiotensin II into …

Introduction The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), a metabolic cascade
regulating pressure and circulating blood volume, has been considered the main system …

Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease are common comorbidities and
dangerous factors for infection and serious COVID-19. Polymorphisms in genes associated …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global
pandemic in early 2020. The infection has been associated with a wide range of clinical …