The relative contribution of founder effects and natural selection to the observed distribution
of human blood groups has been debated since blood group frequencies were shown to …

Well-resolved molecular gene trees illustrate the concept of descent with modification and
exhibit the opposing processes of drift and migration, both of which influence population …

Human mitochondrial DNA is widely used as tool in many fields including evolutionary
anthropology and population history, medical genetics, genetic genealogy, and forensic …

Mutational events along the human mtDNA phylogeny are traditionally identified relative to
the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence, a contemporary European sequence …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in common diseases has been underexplored, partly
due to a lack of genotype calling and quality-control procedures. Developing an at-scale …

The processes that shaped modern European mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation remain
unclear. The initial peopling by Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers~ 42,000 years ago and the …

In Europe, the Neolithic transition (8,000–4,000 bc) from hunting and gathering to
agricultural communities was one of the most important demographic events since the initial …

There is currently no calibration available for the whole human mtDNA genome,
incorporating both coding and control regions. Furthermore, as several authors have pointed …

After the domestication of animals and crops in the Near East some 11,000 years ago,
farming had reached much of central Europe by 7500 years before the present. The extent to …

When modern humans left Africa ca. 60,000 years ago (60 kya), they were already infected
with Helicobacter pylori, and these bacteria have subsequently diversified in parallel with …