Water scarcity is one of the major problems in the world and millions of people have no
access to freshwater. Untreated wastewater is widely used for agriculture in many countries …

Due to water scarcity challenges around the world, it is essential to think about non-
conventional water resources to address the increased demand in clean freshwater …

The presence of macrophytes is one of the most conspicuous features of wetlands and their
presence distinguishes constructed wetlands from unplanted soil filters or lagoons. The …

Vertical flow constructed wetlands for wastewater and sludge treatment represent a
relatively new and still growing technology. Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands is the first …

Large quantities of phosphate present in wastewater is one of the main causes of
eutrophication that negatively affects many natural water bodies, both fresh water and …

The main contaminant removal processes occurring in subsurface-flow constructed
wetlands treating wastewater are reviewed. Redox conditions prevailing in the wetlands are …

Wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands is a biotechnological process which has been
used for more than five decades for wastewater treatment. It is generally agreed that plants …

In micro-polluted constructed wetland (CW), the low pollutant concentrations and the low
COD/N ratios (chemical oxygen demand: total nitrogen in influent), make the biological …

While the positive role of macrophytes on removal efficiency in constructed wetlands has
been well established, possible differences in performance between plants species of …

Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable alternative for secondary treatment of
domestic wastewater in areas with landscape limitations, poor soil conditions, and high …