Bilingual children are a more heterogenous group than their monolingual counterparts with
respect to the sources of variation in their language learning environments, as well as the …

Education 4.0 is considered a significant technology for teaching and learning. The present
study aims to explore the impact and the importance of Education 4.0 for improving English …

Home language maintenance, the main topic of this handbook, is a very emotional subject
for many parents raising children in bilingual settings. As reviewed in De Houwer (2017) …

Background Language development has been characterised by significant individual
stability from school entry. However, the extent to which trajectories of language growth vary …

Although international students experience lower attainment at university than home
students (Morrison et al., 2005), reasons are poorly understood. Some question the role of …

Aims The primary aim of this study is to augment our understanding of the component skills
that underpin second‐language learners' text comprehension by examining the direct and …

Research on the bilingual development of refugee children is limited, despite this group
having distinct characteristics and migration experiences that could impact language …

Background It is well established that oral language skills provide a critical foundation for
formal education. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Nuffield Early Language …

Many Western industrialized nations have high levels of ethnic diversity but to date there are
very few studies which investigate prelinguistic and early language development in infants …

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the university admissions and proficiency testing
landscape. One change has been the meteoric rise in use of the fully automated Duolingo …