Radiotherapy is used in the treatment of approximately 50% of all malignancies including
gastrointestinal cancers. Radiation can be given prior to surgery (neoadjuvant radiotherapy) …

The cell cycle is a complex process that involves numerous regulatory proteins that direct
the cell through a specific sequence of events culminating in mitosis and the production of …

After DNA damage, many cells appear to enter a sustained arrest in the G2 phase of the cell
cycle. It is shown here that this arrest could be sustained only when p53 was present in the …

Although homologous recombination and DNA repair phenomena in bacteria were initially
extensively studied without regard to any relationship between the two, it is now appreciated …

Damage induced in the DNA after exposure of cells to ionizing radiation activates
checkpoint pathways that inhibit progression of cells through the G1 and G2 phases and …

Genomic instability is characterized by the increased rate of acquisition of alterations in the
mammalian genome. These changes encompass a diverse set of biological end points …

Cellular senescence is identified by a living cell in irreversible and persistent cell cycle
arrest in response to various cellular stresses. Senescent cells secrete senescence …

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the key regulatory molecules in oxidative stress-induced
cell activation. NF-κB is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm of nonstimulated cells and …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most lethal of human malignancies. Most GBM
tumors are refractory to cytotoxic therapies. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) significantly contribute …

The G2 checkpoint prevents cells from entering mitosis when DNA is damaged, providing an
opportunity for repair and stopping the proliferation of damaged cells. Because the G2 …