This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Background Patients with osteoarthritis (OA) may experience severe pain, progressive loss
of movement function, and disability. Many pain-relieving medications are not effective, and …

Endometriosis (EM), defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue with surrounding
smooth muscle cells outside the uterus, is a disregarded gynecological disease reported to …

Local administration of exogenous opioids may cause effective analgesia without adverse
symptoms from the central nervous system. Experiments show that peripheral …

Objective Pain sensitization and the related secretion of neuropeptides from sensory nerve
terminals are proinflammatory in osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and adjuvant …

Opioids have been used medicinally for millennia for their potent effects on nociception.
However, the past 20 years have led to important insights into the influences and …

Pain is a homeostatic mechanism that intervenes to protect the organism from harmful
stimuli that could damage its integrity. It is made up of two components: the sensory …

Abstract Endomorphin (EM)-1 and EM-2 are tetrapeptides located within the mammalian
central nervous system and immune tissues, with high affinity and specificity for μ-opioid …

Nonostante la grande cura posta per assicurare che in questa rivista non vengano
pubblicati dati, opinioni o dichiarazioni imprecisi o fuorvianti, la casa editrice e il comitato …

Multiple sclerosis is still a disease without a cure. Although intensive research efforts have
led to the development of drugs that modify the activity of the disease, most of them have …