To behave adaptively, we must learn from the consequences of our actions. Studies using
event-related potentials (ERPs) have been informative with respect to the question of how …

In order to control behavior in an adaptive manner the brain has to learn how some
situations and actions predict positive or negative outcomes. During the last decade …

Abstract Changes in response contingencies require adjusting ones assumptions about
outcomes of behaviors. Such adaptation processes are driven by reward prediction error …

There is growing interest in using electroencephalography and specifically the event-related
brain potential (ERP) methodology to study human reward processing. Since the discovery …

Optimal behavior in a competitive world requires the flexibility to adapt decision strategies
based on recent outcomes. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that this flexibility …

Anhedonia is associated with reward-processing deficits of the dopamine system, which
may increase the risk of depression. Nevertheless, few previous studies have examined the …

Pupil dilation under constant illumination is a physiological marker where modulation is
related to several cognitive functions involved in daily decision making. There is evidence …

The reinforcement learning theory of the error-related negativity (ERN) holds that the impact
of reward signals carried by the midbrain dopamine system modulates activity of the anterior …

Rational choice theory predicts that humans always optimize the expected utility of options
when making decisions. However, in decision‐making games, humans often punish their …

Advances in neuroimaging technology have led to an explosion in the number of studies
investigating the living human brain, and thereby our understanding of its structure and …