The proper management of a municipal water system is essential to sustain cities and
support the water security of societies. Urban water estimating has always been a …

Occurrence of iron in the potable water is responsible for several issues related to
environmental, economic, and public health. Water remediation from iron is very vital step for …

Dyes are one of the most widely used materials in many industrial fields as coloring agents
such as textile, wood, and food manufacturing. As these dyes end up in a water source, this …

Incidence of fluoride concentrations in drinking water above the allowable limit (1.5 mg/L)
leads to varied health issues. However, fluoride concentration below 1.5 mg/L in drinking …

This paper focuses on the dramatic transformation of the inherited historical urban and
architectural characteristics of the city of Al-Najaf in Iraq, seeking new ways of seeing the …

Forecasting of municipal water demand is essential for the decision-making process in the
water industry in particular for countries that suffered from water scarcity. An accurate …

Organic matter (OM) is commonly occur in freshwaters, and it poses a threat for health and
environment. For instance, high OM concentrations increase the sludge volume and cost of …

Purpose The objective of this paper is mainly to contribute to and activate, the process of
saving and preserving the rich tangible and intangible heritage embraced in the historic …

Abstract The Old Holy Al-Najaf is the third influential religious center for Shia Muslims in the
whole Islamic world after Mecca and Madinah. This historical city embraces a rich tangible …

A small amount of fluoride in potable water can maximize teeth mineralization and
minimizes their cavities. However, fluoride presence in excess quantities in drinking water …